Agapanthia intermedia Ganglbauer, 1884
biology

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[Photo © Michal Hoskovec, Fuji Superia 400 35 mm film scan]

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↑ - Figure 1: the wad of fibrous frass in the lower part of Knautia arvensis stalk.

The larva of Agapanthia intermedia Ganglbauer, 1884 feeds centrally in the stalk. Before pupation the larva cuts off the upper part of the stalk, and secures itself in the lower part by a wad of fibrous frass (Figure 1). Adult creates a new exit hole in the side of the stalk (Figure 2).

↓ - Figure 2: the new exit hole in the side of Knautia arvensis stalk.

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[Photo © Michal Hoskovec, Fuji Superia 400 35 mm film scan]